Geometry and kinematics of brittle deformation in the Central Cameroon Shear Zone (Kékem area): Implication for gold exploration within the Central Africa Fold Belt in Cameroon     

《China Geology》2021,4(2):245-255

The Central Africa Fold Belt (CAFB) is a collision belt endowed with gold deposits in Eastern Cameroon area mined for about 50 years. However, favorable areas for gold exploration are poorly known. This paper presents (1) the kinematics of the brittle deformation in the Kékem area in the SW portion of the Central Cameroon Shear Zone and (2) constraints gold mineralization events with respect to the collisional evolution of the CAFB. The authors interpret that the conjugate ENE to E and NNW to NW trending lineament corresponds to the synthetic (R) and the antithetic (R’) shears, which accompanied the dextral slip along the NE to ENE striking shear. The latter coincides with the last 570–552 Ma D₃ dextral simple shear-dominated transpression, which is parallel to the Bétaré Oya shear zone hosting gold deposits. Gold mineralizations, which mainly occurred during the last dextral shearing, are disseminated within quartz veins associated to Riedel’s previous structures reactivated due to late collisional activities of the CAFB as brittle deformation. Gold mineralizations occurred mainly during the 570–552 Ma D₃ event. The reactivation, which might be due to dextral simple shear during mylonitzation, plausibly remobilized the early gold deposits hosted in syn-compressional rocks and/or possibly focused deep-sourced fluid mixed with those released by dehydration. Therefore, the Central Cameroon Shear Zone where Kékem is located, and which shows similar petrographical and structural features to those controling Batouri gold district, is a target area for gold exploration in Cameroon.  相似文献   

西太平洋暖池海温和山西盛夏降水关系研究     

张冬峰  王永光  张国宏 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):60-67

利用1961—2016年山西盛夏(7—8月)平均降水和同期NOAA重构海温资料,分析了山西盛夏降水分别与赤道中东太平洋海温和西太平洋暖池海温相关性的变化。结果表明:山西盛夏降水和赤道中东太平洋海温之间呈现稳定的显著负相关;和西太平洋暖池海温呈现正相关,并在20世纪70年代末到80年代初之后相关性加强,通过了0.05显著性检验。进一步分析表明,这种西太平洋暖池海温对20世纪80年代以来山西盛夏降水指示意义加强的事实,主要体现在赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷的背景下。西太平洋暖池海温异常通过影响与山西盛夏降水密切相关的大气环流、季风槽位置和东亚夏季风,导致山西盛夏降水异常。盛夏赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷时,西太平洋暖池海温偏暖(冷),通过遥相关引起中高纬度大气欧亚—太平洋型遥相关(EUP)和负太平洋—日本(PJ)波列,通过影响季风槽位置偏西偏北(偏东偏南),引起西太平洋副热带高压偏北(南)和季风指数偏小(大),导致山西盛夏降水偏多(少)。  相似文献   

北太平洋冬季西部发展型天气尺度涡旋对平均流的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘丽  谭言科  夏淋淋 《大气科学学报》2019,42(2):174-183

在中纬度北太平洋大气强斜压区,存在频繁的天气尺度涡旋活动,通过水分、动量和能量输送维持大气环流。为了进一步研究天气尺度涡旋发生发展与大尺度环流之间的联系,利用1981—2013年再分析资料,筛选出西部发展型天气尺度涡旋114个偏强日和87个偏弱日,给出了西部发展型天气尺度涡旋异常导致的动力和热力强迫的变化,同时从能量转换的角度分析了西部发展型天气尺度涡旋与平均流之间的相互作用,并探讨了其与西太平洋遥相关型的关系。结果表明:西部发展型天气尺度涡旋通过动力强迫和热力强迫影响平均流,其中动力强迫主要造成北太平洋中纬度上空的西风气流加速并向北移动;热力强迫的作用则是减弱中纬度大气斜压性。同时,强西部发展型天气尺度涡旋有利于西北太平洋上空对流层低层斜压有效位能向扰动动能的转化增大和扰动动能向平均流的转化增大,有利于中纬度地区对流层高层平均流向扰动动能的转化增大。此外,西部发展型天气尺度涡旋通过与平均流的作用,对维持西太平洋遥相关型的负位相有一定影响。  相似文献   

中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线及其国际地层对比——以冀北—辽西地区侏罗系—白垩系年代地层为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王思恩  高林志  庞其清  宋彪  李亚 《地质学报》2015,89(8):1331-1351

冀北—辽西地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类生物化石丰富,并夹有火山岩,是利用岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系\\白垩系界线的理想地区。冀北滦平盆地侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组,辽西义县—北票地区侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为土城子组和义县组。大店子组含有孢粉Cicatricosisporites Luanpingspora Jugella 组合;介形类Yanshanina Cypridea Rhinocypris组合,Cypridea Yanshanina Timiriasevia组合,Cypridea sulcata亚组合和叶肢介Eosestheria Abrestheria组合等各类化石,这些生物组合与国内、外的对比,尤其是孢粉和介形类与英、法、德、俄和加拿大等地相关地层同类化石组合的对比,其时代为早白垩世早期（Berriasian）。辽宁西部义县组下部的孢粉、介形类和叶肢介与国内、外的对比,也得出与大店子组的时代大致相同的结论。大北沟组含孢粉Poceites Podocarpidites Schizaeoisporites组合,介形类Luanpingella Torinina Eoparacypris组合以及叶肢介Nestoria Keratestheria组合等,这些生物组合与国内、外同类生物组合的对比,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世晚期（Tithonian）。土城子组含有孢粉、介形类及叶肢介等6大门类化石,根据已有的研究成果,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世。因此,侏罗系\\白垩系的界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间。生物地层的国际对比表明：此界线与国际侏罗系\\白垩系界线,即Tithonian\\Berriasian界线是一致的。根据冀北—辽西地区一系列同位素测年数据推断,侏罗系\\白垩系界线年龄应接近1307Ma 。  相似文献   

Does continental crust transform during eclogite facies metamorphism?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

D. J. Young  A. R. C. Kylander‐Clark 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(4):331-357

Eclogites within exhumed continental collision zones indicate regional burial to depths of at least 60 km, and often more than 100 km in the coesite‐stable, ultra‐high pressure (UHP) eclogite facies. Garnet, omphacitic pyroxene, high‐Si mica, kyanite ± coesite should grow at the expense of low‐P minerals in most felsic compositions, if equilibrium obtained at these conditions. The quartzofeldspathic rocks that comprise the bulk of eclogite facies terranes, however, contain mainly amphibolite facies, plagioclase‐bearing assemblages. To what extent these lower‐P minerals persisted metastably during (U)HP metamorphism, or whether they grew afterwards, reflects closely upon crustal parameters such as density, strength and seismic character. The Nordfjord area in western Norway offers a detailed view into a large crustal section that was subducted into the eclogite facies. The degree of transformation in typical pelite, paragneiss, granitic and granodioritic gneiss was assessed by modelling the equilibrium assemblage, comparing it with existing parageneses in these rocks and using U/Th–Pb zircon geochronology from laser ablation ICPMS to establish the history of mineral growth. U–Pb dates define a period of zircon recrystallization and new growth accompanying burial and metamorphism lasting from 430 to 400 Ma. Eclogite facies mafic rock (~2 vol.% of crust) is the most transformed composition and records the ambient peak conditions. Rare garnet‐bearing pelitic rocks (<10 vol.% of crust) preserve a mostly prograde mineral evolution to near‐peak conditions; REE concentrations in zircon indicate that garnet was present after 425 Ma and feldspar broke down after 410 Ma. Felsic gneiss – by far the most abundant rock type – is dominated by quartz + biotite + feldspar, but minor zoisite/epidote, phengitic white mica, garnet and rutile point to a prograde HP overprint. Relict textures indicate that much of the microstructural framework of plagioclase, K‐feldspar, and perhaps biotite, persisted through at least 25 Ma of burial, and ultimately UHP metamorphism. The signature reaction of the eclogite facies in felsic rocks – jadeite/omphacite growth from plagioclase – cannot be deduced from the presence of pyroxene or its breakdown products. We conclude that prograde dehydration in orthogneiss leads to fluid absent conditions, impeding equilibration beyond ~high‐P amphibolite facies.  相似文献   

Intergenerational relations and the power of the cell phone: Perspectives on young people’s phone usage in sub-Saharan Africa     

《Geoforum》2015

Cell phones present new forms of sociality and new possibilities of encounter for young people across the globe. Nowhere is this more evident than in sub-Saharan Africa where the scale of usage, even among the very poor, is remarkable. In this paper we reflect on the inter-generational encounters which are embedded in young people’s cell phone interactions, and consider the wider societal implications, not least the potential for associated shifts in the generational balance of power. An intriguing feature of this changing generational nexus is that while many young people’s phone-based interactions, from their mid-teens onwards, are shifting away from the older generation towards friendship networks in their own age cohort, at the same time they are repositioning themselves – or becoming repositioned – as family information hubs, as a consequence of their phone expertise. The paper draws on mixed-methods research with young people aged c. 9–25 years and in-depth interviews with older age-groups in 24 sites (ranging from high density poor urban to remote rural) across Ghana, Malawi and South Africa.  相似文献   

华北克拉通中元古代下马岭组地质特征及研究进展——下马岭组研究百年回眸   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范文博 《地质论评》2015,61(6):1383-1406

从1920年叶良辅在北京西山命名"下马岭页岩"到现在的近百年时间里,下马岭组研究取得了诸多进展。本文从岩性组成、沉积序列及环境、分布范围及区域变化、年代地层学、古生物学、含油气性、古海洋演化、基性岩床、盆地性质及演化等多个视角,对下马岭组的地质特征及相关地质、科学问题进行了总结与分析。这有利于我们对下马岭组及其内涵更为全面、细致、深刻的了解,也为探索华北乃至整个地球中元古代时期的演化提供更多信息。  相似文献   

川西坳陷新场气田水文地质地球化学特征及天然气运聚          下载免费PDF全文

周孝鑫  楼章华  朱蓉  朱宏权  黎华继  李飞 《地质科学》2015,50(1):330-339

新场气田是川西的主力产气区,发育深层上三叠统(须家河组二段、须家河组四段)和中浅层中、上侏罗统(上沙溪庙组、蓬莱镇组)含气层系,均不同程度地产出地层水,气水关系复杂,不同层位间气水存在一定的联系。纵向上,深层地层水埋深为3 000~5 500 m,随埋深增加矿化度、盐化系数逐渐增大,呈现高演化地层水特征;中浅层地层水埋深为500~2 200 m,沟通较频繁,水化学特征差异不大,均呈现低矿化度、低盐化系数和高碳酸氢根离子浓度特点;两者之间为地层水混合过渡带。平面上,中浅层上沙溪庙组地层水矿化度在断裂发育带附近出现高值,高值范围与深层须家河组地层水矿化度低值区基本相对应。这主要是由局部深层与中浅层地层水沿向下断至深层、向上断至中浅层的断层垂向沟通并发生混合作用导致的。中浅层断裂附近,沿断裂带上涌的深层地层水与中浅层原始沉积地层水发生混合作用,使得砂体富含高矿化度地层水,天然气则沿渗透性砂体侧向运移并在一定距离的圈闭内聚集成藏,这对研究区中浅层天然勘探具有指导意义。  相似文献   

冀北金台子盆地早白垩世酸性火山岩地球化学、锆石年代学及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

戚国伟  张进江  王盟  刘江  王晓先 《地质科学》2015,(4):1134-1153

华北克拉通在中生代以来遭受了显著破坏。前人的研究对克拉通破坏的机制和峰期取得了较大共识, 但是关于克拉通破坏的启动时间一直存在争议。本文通过对冀北金台子中生代盆地构造特征及其填充的火山岩地球化学和年代学进行分析, 为华北克拉通破坏启动时间提供新的约束。研究表明, 金台子盆地为一伸展断陷盆地。盆地呈北东-南西向展布, 东侧被正断层控制, 西侧为地层超覆边界。盆地内自下而上发育后城组、白旗组、啕北营组、九佛堂组火山-沉积组合。后城组是一套稳定的河流相红色砂砾岩沉积地层;白旗组和啕北营组主体为巨厚层流纹岩、流纹质凝灰熔岩, 局部夹安山岩和火山碎屑岩;九佛堂组是一套以砾岩、砂砾岩等为主体的碎屑岩。地球化学分析表明金台子盆地中发育的酸性火山岩源于地壳重熔。锆石U-Pb年代学研究显示, 金台子盆地内流纹岩自约145 Ma开始广泛喷发并形成巨厚层的酸性火山岩地层, 表明此时在华北北缘地区的岩石圈减薄和破坏可能就已非常剧烈, 据此华北克拉通在其北缘的破坏至少应早于145 Ma。  相似文献   

Taphonomy of large marine vertebrates in the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

Sediments from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale were deposited along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway, in present-day southern Utah. Marine vertebrates from this formation include plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, bony fish, sharks, and turtles. They are concentrated in the lower portion of the Tropic Shale, mostly between Bentonites B and D. Study of the taphonomic condition of these vertebrates has contributed to an understanding of how they were preserved as well as a detailed paleoenvironment for the Tropic Shale. Physical factors played the dominant role in their preservation, with robust and durable skeletal elements, such as teeth and vertebrae, being most common within the shale. Isolated bones and teeth are also relatively common within the formation, while complete and nearly complete skeletons are more rare. Biological factors played a less dominant role, with no evidence of epifaunal or infaunal activity preserved with any of the skeletal remains. In addition, scavenging marks (both bite and gnaw marks) are relatively uncommon, typically only being found on more complete specimens. A signature of post-burial alteration can be recognized as low levels of abrasion, weathering, and compression and high levels of fracturing of vertebrate skeletal material. Slightly higher levels of abrasion and weathering occur to the west, closer to the ancient shoreline, suggesting some pre-burial alteration. The preservation of marine vertebrates in the Tropic Shale suggests a low energy marine environment with some weak bottom currents and low levels of benthic oxygen. The substrate ranged from soft and soupy to firm, with moderate sedimentation rates resulting in relatively rapid burial.  相似文献